A corazón dolido, iones caóticos: Relación entre las enfermedades del sistema de conducción cardíaco y las alteraciones de concentraciones iónicas.
Palabras clave:
Enfermedades del sistema de conducción cardiaca, Sistema de conducción cardiaca, Electrolitos, IonesResumen
Introducción: El sistema de conducción cardíaco humano permite la propagación de la señal eléctrica del corazón a través del ingreso y salida de iones que despolarizan las células cardíacas para generar un potencial de acción. Si bien, iones como calcio, potasio, fósforo, cloro y sodio, regulan la fisiología cardiaca, una alteración anómala de su concentración se encuentra asociada a diferentes enfermedades del corazón. Objetivo: Describir la relación que existe entre las enfermedades cardiacas y las posibles alteraciones del sistema de conducción sinusal respecto a las alteraciones de las concentraciones iónicas. Materiales y métodos: Se realiza búsqueda sistematizada de la literatura en PubMed, de acuerdo a la Declaración PRISMA, a través de la combinación de los descriptores en salud “Cardiac conduction system diseases” y “electrolytes” mediante el conector boleano AND. Resultados: Se analizaron 92 artículos de acuerdo a las siguientes categorías de discusión: ocho pertenecían a la categoría de población, 15 fueron incluidos en fármacos, sustancias y terapias, 49 relacionaron los cambios electrolíticos con posibles afecciones clínicas, y 28 artículos trataron de enfermedades posiblemente relacionadas con desbalances electrolíticos. Conclusiones: Se pudo encontrar una relación entre las enfermedades, los medicamentos y sus efectos, y el manejo postoperatorio, los cuales pueden conllevar a un desbalance electrolítico. La mayoría de los factores que producen enfermedades cardíacas están relacionados con alteraciones en el desequilibrio electrolítico. Gran parte de estas alteraciones pueden ser corregidas. Establecer cambios en el estilo de vida, en la alimentación y en la terapia farmacológica podrá contribuir a mejorar dichas alteraciones.
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