Efectos del cisplatino sobre la masa muscular en personas con cáncer de pulmón.Revisión de la literatura.
Palabras clave:
Cáncer de pulmón, quimioterapia, cisplatino, caquexia, anorexia, sarcopenia.Resumen
El cáncer de pulmón (CP) representa una de las principales causas de mortalidad por cáncer a nivel mundial, con aproximadamente 2.2 millones de casos nuevos y 1.8 millones de muertes en 2020. En el tratamiento de esta enfermedad, el cisplatino es considerado un agente quimioterapéutico de primera línea, destacándose por su efectividad en reducir la carga tumoral. Sin embargo, estudios recientes han revelado que este medicamento puede tener efectos adversos significativos en el tejido muscular, provocando pérdida de peso y mayor riesgo de comorbilidades. En esta revisión de la literatura nosotros encontramos que el cisplatino genera pérdida de masa muscular a través de diferentes mecanismos como: 1. Anorexia; 2. Daño de mucosa gastrointestinal; 3. Incremento de las vías de degradación proteica muscular; 4. Disminución de la síntesis de proteínas musculares; y 5. Reducción de la cantidad de mitocondrias y capilares musculares. Por lo que esta revisión de la literatura concluimos que el cisplatino es capaz de causar disfunción a nivel de músculo esquelético mediante diversos mecanismos, lo que finalmente conduce a los pacientes con CP a sarcopenia o caquexia, provocando en ellos debilidad muscular y menor calidad de vida.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Camilo Morales-Jiménez, Laura Tapasco-Velásquez, Luis Ignacio Vela-Ortiz
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