Síndromes mielodisplásicos genética y biomarcadores.
Palabras clave:
Leucemia mieloide de fase acelerada, biomarcadores, microARNs, supervivencia, ARN.Resumen
Los síndromes mielodisplásicos según la organización mundial de la salud se definen como un grupo de trastornos clónales que tiene su origen a nivel del tallo de células madres hematopoyéticas, en este manuscrito se pretende revisar los principales conceptos sobre los síndromes mielodisplásicos, su relación genética y los biomarcadores actuales, para lo cual se llevó a cabo la búsqueda de bibliografía en las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct, LILACS, EMBASE y Google Scholar, entre otras. Se utilizaron términos de búsqueda como Leukemia, Myeloid, Accelerated Phase, Biomarkers, MicroRNAs, Survivorship, RNA, entre otros. Posterior a esto, se seleccionaron 85 artículos de los que la mayor parte no tuviese un tiempo de publicación mayor a 5 años y de éstos se seleccionó la información para redactar la versión final del manuscrito. Los síndromes mielodisplásicos se presentan en personas con mayor edad, sin embargo, pueden abarcar condiciones muy amplias con respecto a la esperanza de vida y el pronóstico. La mediana de supervivencia de los pacientes con SMD después del diagnóstico sigue siendo de sólo 2,5 años. El número de genes mutados en los síndromes mielodisplásicos es elevado y están implicados en algunas vías biológicas resaltando los miARN, los cuales promueven la supervivencia y el crecimiento de células malignas. La presencia de estos en plasma o suero, sugiere que esos podrían ser biomarcadores potenciales en el diagnóstico de cánceres humanos, con la ventaja de que son herramienta de diagnóstico en sangre periférica.
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Referencias
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Derechos de autor 2025 Sebastian Arango-Giraldo, Lina-María Martínez-Sánchez
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