Enfermedades intersticiales y del parénquima pulmonar y su asociación con enfermedades autoinmunes.
Palabras clave:
Enfermedades autoinmunes, enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales, lupus eritematoso sistémico, esclerodermia sistémica, miositis, vasculitis, síndrome de sjogren, artritis reumatoidea.Resumen
Las enfermedades intersticiales y del parénquima pulmonar son un grupo diverso de trastornos que afectan el tejido y el espacio alrededor de los alvéolos pulmonares, conocido como intersticio. Estas enfermedades se caracterizan por la inflamación y fibrosis del parénquima pulmonar, lo que puede llevar a una disminución de la capacidad pulmonar y dificultades respiratorias. Una de las características más importante es su asociación con enfermedades autoinmunes, las más comunes son la artritis reumatoide, esclerosis sistémica, lupus eritematoso sistémico, síndrome de Sjögren. La inflamación crónica causada por la respuesta autoinmune puede desencadenar procesos fibróticos en el pulmón, lo que lleva a la formación de tejido cicatricial y a la pérdida de la función pulmonar. Además, los tratamientos inmunosupresores utilizados para controlar las enfermedades autoinmunes pueden tener efectos secundarios que afectan los pulmones.
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