Biomarkers in aplastic anemia.
Abstract
Objective: To broaden the knowledge that we have about aplastic anemia, the implication of diagnostic biomarkers and their use. Materials and methods: A review of the literature was carried out in the PubMed and Elsevier databases, using keywords such as "aplastic anemia", "biomarkers" and "anemia". Results: After reviewing the data, it has been concluded that there are several useful biomarkers in aplastic anemia. Several new molecules have been discovered that are also beneficial in the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease, which actively contribute to hematopoietic failure, such as age, gender, cytokines like Thrombopoietin (TPO), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-12p70, IL17, IL-23 and IL-27, among others. Conclusions: It was evidenced that cytokines have an important role in the marrow failure process, due to their role as anti-hematopoietic cytokines, which is important for the progression of the disease and to evaluate the level of bone marrow compromise. Additionally, miRNAs are biomarkers of clinical importance in the development of aplastic anemia, since various studies show evidence that they are involved in the modulation of gene expression, which could be a new therapeutic approach for these patients, the only obstacle, is the availability of techniques in clinical practice.
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