Complicaciones neurológicas y rehabilitación en pacientes post COVID-19. Revisión de la literatura
Palabras clave:
Pandemias, SARS CoV-2, Síndrome respiratorio agudo grave, Rehabilitación, Enfermedades del sistema nervioso, Examen neurológicoResumen
Introducción: La infección por COVID-19 en es responsable de un síndrome clínico heterogéneo que conduce a una neumonía grave y al síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda. Si bien los síntomas de COVID-19 son principalmente respiratorios, existe evidencia de trastornos en el sistema nervioso central que requieren rehabilitación. Objetivo: Describir los trastornos neurológicos, la evaluación y aspectos clave del abordaje rehabilitador de pacientes con COVID-19, a partir de una revisión de la evidencia disponible. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura con base en el análisis bibliográfico mediante la búsqueda en las bases de datos PEDRO, Pubmed, Springer link, Ovid, Scielo y en el buscador de Google Scholar. Resultados: Los principales trastornos evidenciados en pacientes post COVID-19 son: Trastornos del olfato y del gusto, encefalopatía, Síndrome de Guillain-Barré, cefalea y otras complicaciones cerebrovasculares. En cuanto a la evualuacion es necesario evaluar: anamnesis, funcionalidad, capacidad aeróbica funcional, ansiedad, depresión, Calidad de vida, evaluación neurológica integral (sensibilidad, marcha, equilibrio, tono muscular, cognitivo y nivel de conciencia). Las estrategias de intervención recomendadas son: entrenamiento aeróbico, facilitación neuromuscular, electroestimulación, educación y posicionamiento. Conclusión: La rehabilitación neurológica en pacientes post COVID-19 con trastorno neurológico evita el desacondicionamiento físico y las complicaciones de la inmovilización prolongada. A su vez, permite restaurar la capacidad motora, optimizar el estado cognitivo y emocional para finalmente reducir la discapacidad, recuperar la independencia y mejorar la calidad de vida.
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