Vaginosis bacteriana por Gardnerella vaginalis: Nuevas enseñanzas desde la ecología molecular.
Palabras clave:
Vaginosis bacteriana, Complicaciones en el embarazo, Genómica de patógenos, Gardnerella vaginalis, Transferencia genético horizontalResumen
La vaginosis bacteriana (VB), es la afección vaginal más frecuente en las mujeres en edad reproductiva generada por un desbalance en el ecosistema vaginal que ocasiona complicaciones severas para la salud reproductiva. Existen hipótesis de origen biológico que relacionan la presencia de organismos como Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella sp, Atopobium vaginae como la causa más frecuente relacionada con la vaginosis, los cuales logran desplazar poblacionalmente microorganismos con capacidad protectora del epitelio vaginal como Lactobacillus crispatus y Lactobacillus jensenii. En la actualidad y de acuerdo a la OMS, la vaginosis bacteriana estaría implicada en alteraciones durante el embarazo como parto pre termino, bajo peso al nacer, corioamnionitis, ruptura prematura de membranas (RPM), endometritis post parto, entre otras. En los últimos años, con base estudios apoyados en datos de patrones moleculares, así como tecnología de análisis de genomas, surge una visión mucho más completa de condiciones ecológicas y agentes participantes en la vaginosis bacteriana.
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