Accidente cerebrovascular: Una mirada general e indicadores novedosos de su morbimortalidad
Resumen
El accidente cerebrovascular es una patología frecuente cuya etiología puede ser isquémica o hemorrágica. Es la segunda causa de muerte en el mundo, a su vez, puede ocasionar gran deterioro funcional que puede ser evidenciado mediante escalas de medición de funcionalidad. Se han descrito diversos factores de riesgo no modificables como el sexo y la raza; y modificables como la dieta rica en bebidas azucaradas y baja en frutas y verduras; la depresión y el estrés. Es generada por el cese de la perfusión de alguna región cerebral, según la zona afectada el paciente puede presentar diversas manifestaciones clínicas. Estas, son la clave fundamental para que se sospeche que el paciente está presentando el evento y se le realice un tratamiento oportuno para evitar daños irreversibles. En este contexto es de vital importancia la valoración clínica y el uso de ayudas diagnósticas, la más utilizada de las neuroimágenes es la tomografía computarizada. Se han desarrollado otras herramientas diagnósticas como los microARN, los cuales, son fragmentos pequeños de ARN que regulan diversos procesos celulares y, por ello, representan también un blanco terapéutico que se encuentra en estudio. En cuanto al pronóstico de los pacientes que tienen un episodio de accidente cerebrovascular, el National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score y el índice neutrófilos linfocitos aportan información acerca de la dependencia funcional, riesgo de transformación hemorrágica y mortalidad.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Laura Herrera-Almanza , Mabel Dahiana Roldán-Tabares, Mariana Roldan Isaza , Santiago Castañeda-Palacio , Mateo Uribe-Ramírez, Sebastian Gaviria-Rivas, Lina Maria Martínez-Sánchez
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