Linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica secundaria asociada a microorganismos patógenos en pediatría, fisiopatología y diagnóstico: Revisión de tema.
Palabras clave:
Linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica secundaria, Infección, Fisiopatología, Respuesta inmunológica, Diagnóstico, PediatríaResumen
La linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica secundaria (s-HLH) es un trastorno inflamatorio sistémico agudo dado por activación descontrolada del sistema inmune produciendo, a su vez, una tormenta de citoquinas. Este trastorno es causado por infecciones, enfermedades autoinmunes o malignidad y es más prevalente en población adulta, por lo que cuenta con pocos estudios en pacientes pediátricos. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir la relación fisiopatológica de la s-HLH en pacientes pediátricos según los microorganismos infecciosos y su asociación diagnóstica. Se utilizaron las bases de datos PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS y LILACS hasta mayo de 2022. Se identificó una relación entre la s-HLH en pacientes pediátricos y la infección por diferentes patógenos intracelulares, cuya fisiopatología se relacionó con manifestaciones clínicas similares como fiebre, pancitopenia y hepatoesplenomegalia, hallazgos que deben ser considerados para incluir dentro del diagnóstico diferencial a la s-HLH.
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