Efectos psicológicos inmediatos y autocuidado en la cuarentena por SARS-CoV-2 en el suroccidente colombiano
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Objetivo. Describir el impacto psicológico durante las semanas iniciales de cuarentena por SARS-CoV-2 en el suroccidente
colombiano y la adherencia a las recomendaciones de autocuidado y distanciamiento social. Método. Se diseñó una encuesta en
línea que fue respondida por una muestra válida de 1606 sujetos del suroccidente colombiano. La encuesta incluyó el Cuestionario
de Salud General-12 (GHQ-12) adaptado para Colombia, y un set de preguntas basadas en los lineamientos de prevención de
la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Para procesar la información se utilizó análisis de varianza (Anova). Resultados. El
33.8% de los participantes mostraron síntomas de ansiedad o depresión en un rango moderado-alto; el 57% de los participantes
nunca o casi nunca se adhirieron a las recomendaciones de autocuidado. Se registraron diferencias signicativas en la afectación
psicológica y en la adherencia a las recomendaciones de autocuidado por género, nivel educativo, ingresos y desarrollo o no de
actividades telemáticas. Conclusión. A solo dos semanas de cuarentena se presentaron efectos en la salud mental. Aunque las
personas reportaron alto nivel de información respecto a las medidas de autocuidado, la adherencia a las recomendaciones fue baja.
La desigualdad social fue un agravante de la salud mental y una barrera para el seguimiento y ecacia de las medidas de autocuidado
y distanciamiento social.
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