Biomarcadores en anemia aplásica.
Resumen
Objetivo: Ampliar el conocimiento que se tiene sobre la anemia aplásica, la implicación de los biomarcadores diagnósticos y el uso de los mismos. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en la base de datos PubMed y Elsevier, usando palabras claves como ¨anemia aplásica¨, ¨biomarcadores¨ y ¨anemia¨. Resultados: Después de revisar la información, se ha concluido que existen varios biomarcadores útiles en la anemia aplásica. Se han descubierto diversas moléculas nuevas que también resultan beneficiosas en el diagnóstico y pronóstico de esta enfermedad, los cuales contribuyen activamente a la insuficiencia hematopoyética, tales como la edad, el sexo, citoquinas como la Trombopoyetina (TPO), el interferón gamma (IFN-γ), factor de necrosis tumoral-a (TNF-α), interleucina 8 (IL-8), IL-12p70, IL17, IL-23 e IL-27, entre otros. Conclusiones: Se evidenció que las citoquinas tienen un papel importante en el proceso de falla de la médula, por su papel como citoquinas anti hematopoyéticas, lo cual es importante para la progresión de la enfermedad y evaluar el nivel de compromiso de la médula ósea. Adicionalmente los miARN son biomarcadores de importancia clínica en el desarrollo de la anemia aplásica, ya que en diversos estudios se evidencia que estos están implicados en la modulación de la expresión génica, lo que podría ser un nuevo enfoque terapéutico para estos pacientes, el único obstáculo, es la disponibilidad de las técnicas en la práctica clínica.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Anggy Valentina Soto-Manzano, Samuel Giraldo-Jiménez, Luis Miguel Flórez-Castaño, Julián David Caballero-Henao, Mateo Uribe-Ramírez, Lina María Martínez-Sánchez
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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