La anemia en el paciente oncológico.
Palabras clave:
Anemia, hierro, patología, hemoglobina.Resumen
Introducción: La anemia en pacientes oncológicos es una complicación frecuente que afecta la calidad de vida y los resultados del tratamiento contra el cáncer. Se caracteriza por una disminución en la concentración de hemoglobina, lo que compromete el transporte de oxígeno a los tejidos. Su etiología es multifactorial e incluye efectos directos del cáncer, alteraciones inflamatorias, deficiencias nutricionales y la toxicidad de los tratamientos, como la quimioterapia. Objetivo: Analizar los tratamientos para la anemia en pacientes oncológicos, destacando sus beneficios, limitaciones y los factores que influyen en su elección. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda avanzada en PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar y Scopus, a partir de la cual se obtuvieron 59 artículos para su análisis. Resultados: Se observó que, para el tratamiento de la anemia en pacientes oncológicos, se emplean estimulantes de la eritropoyesis, transfusiones de glóbulos rojos y suplementación con hierro, cada uno con ventajas y limitaciones. La elección del tratamiento depende del tipo de cáncer y de la gravedad de la anemia. Conclusión: La anemia en pacientes oncológicos constituye un problema clínico significativo y multifactorial que afecta a una gran proporción de esta población, con impacto negativo en su calidad de vida.
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Derechos de autor 2026 José Iván Martínez-Díaz
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